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Cantharellus eyssartierii sp. nov. is described from Uapaca stands in dense mountain forest near Ranomafana (eastern escarpment, Madagascar), and is recognized by its dull colors, pale and well-developed, poorly forking gill-folds and intense yellowing of the lower stipe. It shares near identical microscopic features with the very similar C. isabellinus var. parvisporus, a woodland taxon from mainland Africa. C. isabellinus s.s., as well as the extremely close, but two-spored C. croceifolius, differ microscopically from our species in their distinctly larger, more voluminous spores. The quite similar African C. tomentosus differs from all these species in its thick-walled hyphal extremities at the cap surface.