Microscopical characters of type specimens for three species in Russula subsect. Xerampelinae, R. atropurpurea Peck, R. serissima Peck and R. fucosa Burl., are described in detail and compared with recent collections. Taxonomic and nomenclatural aspects are discussed. Lectotypes are chosen for R. fucosa and R. xerampelina var. semirubra. The latter taxon is here demonstrated to be a synonym of Burlingham's species.