R. ochrifloridana sp. nov. is described as a new, yellow-capped species in section Xerampelinae from Florida which is closely related to R. levyana, a species that has mostly a red-colored cap. It is compared with R. grundii, another yellowish, fishy Russula that is still only known from the type collection and that was described from California. Both R. grundii and the new species are here described and illustrated in detail.