
Botanists and zoologists in the 18th Century faced an explosion of species. What they needed was the equivalent of a search engine, and Carl Linnaeus rose to the challenge. He invented a cataloguing system that made it possible to find out whether a specimen belonged to a known species, and if it did, where more information could be found. His system was more powerful than an index, which requires knowing a name to begin with, while a user of his system could begin with an unnamed specimen. Linnaeus insisted that every group in his new ranks, order and class, must have a one-word name, which was a deliberate and powerful innovation. In his Systema Naturae those names were printed as running heads. This layout enabled a user to start with the higher categories and navigate downwards. Although he is often celebrated for his two-word format for the names of species, his attention to the names of groups above the rank of genus is often overlooked.
Linnaeus, history of taxonomy, nomenclature, higher taxa, higher groups.