A taxonomic revision of the endemic Malagasy genus Prockiopsis Baill. (Achariaceae) is presented. Reevaluation of morphological characters allows us to recognize three species, two of which are described as new. Ecogeographic features of each species in relation to bioclimate and substrate geology are discussed, and a preliminary conservation assessment is calculated according to IUCN Red List criteria. A key to the species is provided in both English and French.