Aneura maxima (Schiffn.) Steph. (Aneuraceae, Marchantiophyta) is reported for the first time from Romania. The specimens were collected from the Lacul Tatarilor Peatbog, near Fagaras Mountains and Iad Valley, Apuseni Mountains. The nearest localities of this species are in the Slovak Republic and Poland. Therefore, this new record shows an expansion of this species' range towards South-East Europe. Habitat preferences and distribution map of the plant in Europe are given.