An endemic species from New Caledonia previously recognized as the monospecific genus Oceanopapaver Guillaumin, whose taxonomic position has been much discussed, is studied using morphological and anatomical features. Its placement in Tiliaceae, and more precisely within the genus Corchorus , is justified on the basis of flower and fruit features and on the presence of mucilage in its tissues. Corchorus neocaledonicum is recognized, and Oceanopapaver is reduced to a synonym; a variety, lacking stellate hairs, is described.