As a result of the compilation of records from 1849 to 2007, a checklist of the mosses of the Spanish Central Pyrenees is presented. Distribution by the main valleys is provided for each of the taxa currently accepted in the area. The number of catalogued mosses is 524, which represents 63 of the Iberian moss flora. The habitats and substrata variety, altitude gradient and exposure could explain such a high number of species in this area of the Pyrenees.