Major morphological traits distinguishing Antitrichia californica Sull. from A. curtipendula (Timm ex Hedw.) Brid. are provided. New characters are included. The French distribution of Antitrichia californica is maped and the worldwide distribution commented. The habitat, community structure and dynamics of Antitrichia californica Sull. are analysed. In France, Antitrichia californica appears as a typical inhabitant of semi-open woods, mostly growing over rocks in different types of bryophytic communities.