Five Neotropical Plagiochila binomials are newly placed in synonymy: P. arsenii (= P. patula), P. guadelupensis, P. oxyphylla (= P. stricta), P. potrerillana (= P. fuscolutea) and P. subflorida (= P. vincentina). Lectotypes are designated for P. potrerillana and P. guadelupensis.