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© Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 2021 — Anthropozoologica — http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr
Dimitra MYLONA
English abstract (résumé anglais)
Fishing for tuna in the Aegean goes back several millennia. Their bones are found in archaeological excavations and their biology, capture, processing and consumption are described in written sources of the historical era. The archaeology of tuna fishing, however, is still poorly understood and its economic importance in the Eastern Mediterranean has only recently been explored. This paper contributes to the emerging discourse around tuna and their economic and cultural significance by attempting an in-depth understanding of tuna and related fish species as a resource. It presents in some detail the biology and ethology of tuna in the context of the Aegean Sea. These are crucial factors to their exploitation by humans; they control the timing and location of their appearance and they render certain fishing and processing methods more appropriate than others. The paper also discusses some of the implication of the biological features of tuna and related species on the manner of their capture and to the development of cultural values around them. It also considers the heuristic value of these observations in the archaeological research. The examination of the biological characteristics of tuna and related members of the Scombridae family suggests that their exploitation should in fact be seen not as that of single species but of a range of different species, which share certain common characteristics, but differ in terms of size, migration timing, processing potential and quality of flesh. In this framework the exploitation of the migratory fish, of which tuna is the most emblematic, appears as a coherent activity, which was less vulnerable to yearly fluctuations in the presence of fish schools at any given fishing location. Being thus complex and flexible, it provided economic opportunities and it acquired significant cultural value for the Eastern Mediterranean cultures throughout the passage of time.
French abstract (résumé français)
La pêche au thon dans la mer Égée remonte à plusieurs millénaires. Leurs ossements se trouvent dans des fouilles archéologiques et leur biologie, leur capture, leur traitement et leur consommation sont décrits dans des sources écrites historiques. L’archéologie de la pêche au thon est cependant encore mal connue et son importance économique en Méditerranée orientale n’a été explorée que récemment. Cet article contribue à l’émergence d’un discours autour des thons et de leur importance économique et culturelle en tentant une compréhension approfondie des thons et des espèces de poissons apparentées, en tant que ressource. Il présente en détail la biologie et l’éthologie des thons, qui sont des facteurs cruciaux pour leur exploitation par l’homme. Ces caractéristiques contrôlent le moment et le lieu de leur apparition et rendent certaines méthodes de pêche et de traitement plus appropriées que d’autres. L’article examine également certaines des implications des caractéristiques biologiques des thons et espèces apparentées sur les modalités de leur capture et sur le développement des valeurs culturelles qui les entourent. Il considère aussi la valeur heuristique de ces observations dans la recherche archéologique. L’examen des caractéristiques biologiques des thons et des membres apparentés de la famille des Scombridae suggère que leur exploitation devrait en fait être considérée non pas comme celle d'une seule espèce, mais comme celle d’un ensemble d’espèces différentes, qui partagent certaines caractéristiques communes, mais diffèrent en termes de taille, de moment de migration, de potentiel de transformation ou de qualité de la chair. Dans ce cadre, l’exploitation des poissons migrateurs, dont le thon est le plus emblématique, apparaît comme une activité articulée, moins vulnérable aux fluctuations annuelles de la présence des bancs de poissons sur un lieu de pêche donné. Étant ainsi complexe et flexible, elle offrait des opportunités économiques et a acquis au fil du temps une valeur culturelle significative pour les cultures de la Méditerranée orientale.
Catching tuna in the Aegean: biological background of tuna fisheries
and the archaeological implications
Tuna fishing
archaeology of fishing
zooarchaeology
Scombridae
Pêche au thon
archéologie de la pêche
zooarchéologie
Scombridae
http://anthropozoologica.com/56/2
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